Los acuerdos de paz concertados entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC en 2016 se han visto no solo como la finalización del conflicto armado, sino como la posibilidad de imaginar y construir una sociedad inclusiva, justa y participativa. Se ha argumentado que los acuerdos de paz son la ruta más corta para lograr los objetivos del Estado democrático, y cumplir con lo estipulado en su narración como parte de un pacto social que conlleva a la convivencia pacífica. Sin embargo, (...) una mirada detallada y crítica a los lugares descriptivos y, por ende, prácticos a los acuerdos desde un punto de vista del feminismo centrado en la noción de diferencia revela en los acuerdos un sentido de exclusión y marginalización de la mujer que reproduce los marcos teóricos de un feminismo centrado en la igualdad y la equidad. El pensamiento filosófico de Luce Irigaray permite fracturar y descentrar las lógicas masculinas en la tradición filosófica de occidente y abre paso a la diferencia como concepto que recrea y re-imagina el espacio público y el marco político. Así, se posibilita una inclusión que fortalece la ciudadanía como derecho y como única garante de la reconciliación en la sociedad colombiana. (shrink)

Philosophizing the Americas establishes the field of inter-American philosophy. Bringing together contributors who work in Africana Philosophy, Afro-Caribbean philosophy, Latin American philosophy, Afro-Latin philosophy, decolonial theory, and African American philosophy, the volume examines the full range of traditions that have, separately and in conversation with each other, worked through how philosophy in both establishes itself in the Americas and engages with the world from which it emerges. The book traces a range of questions, from the history of philosophy in the (...) Americas to philosophical questions of race, feminism, racial eliminativism, creolization, epistemology, coloniality, aesthetics, and literature. The essays place an impressive range of philosophical traditions and figures into dialogue with one another: some familiar, such as José Martí, Sylvia Wynter, Martin R. Delany, José Vasconcelos, Alain Locke, as well as such less familiar thinkers as Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, Hilda Hilst, and George Lamming. In each chapter, the contributors find fascinating and productive matrices of tension or convergence in works throughout the Americas. The result is an original and important contribution to knowledge that introduces readers from various disciplines to unfamiliar yet compelling ideas and considers familiar texts from novel and prescient perspectives. Philosophizing the Americas stands alone as a representation of current scholarly debates in the field of inter-American philosophy. Contributors: Stephanie Rivera Berruz, Jacoby Adeshei Carter, Nadia Celis, Tommy J. Curry, Hernando A. Estévez, Daniel Fryer, James B. Haile III, Chike Jeffers, Lee A. McBride III, Michael Monahan, Adriana Novoa, Susana Nuccetelli, Andrea J. Pitts, Dwayne A. Tunstall, and Alejandro A. Vallega. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Du Bois’s “Afterthought”A Pedagogical Variant for Continental PhilosophyHernando A. EstévezThe Souls of Black Folk is a pedagogical text that echoes continental philosophy’s aim of preparing humankind for the genuine practice of philosophical life through critique. In this text, Du Bois uses pedagogy to expose destructive and oppressive aspects of the Western tradition in its conflicting ideas and practices. In particular, I read Du Bois’s “afterthought” in Souls of Black (...) Folk as a form of critique that is expressly pedagogical, in that it prepares black individuals to play their destined role in this new era of history, and it calls for a continuous rethinking of the politics of higher education. While describing his early academic, political, and intellectual journey, Du Bois alludes to his initial and persistent concern with the impact of education on the formation of black men’s civil subjectivity. According to Du Bois, “My problem then was how, into the inevitable and logical democracy which was spreading over the world, could black folk in America and particularly in the South be openly and effectively admitted; and the colored people of the world allowed their self-government?” (Du Bois [1940] 1983, 29). For Du Bois such a question has sufficient political and social force to de-center the truths produced by the Western tradition as well as the precepts determining individuals’ subjectivity and self-government. Self-governance underlies Du Bois’s pedagogical and political projects as it is responsible for transforming black individuals’ self-perception and their relation to society. Du Bois approaches autonomy and self-governance pedagogically, by awakening individuals’ capacities for them by means of critique, through [End Page 82] questioning the historical basis on which the black race has been determined politically by the Western tradition.Du Bois’s essay Of the Training of Black Men (1902)1 begins by describing three “streams of thought,” which carry within the depth of their ideological flow ideas and ideals about humanity. Each stream has an epistemological and ontological force, which organizes the source of knowledge about the nature of black individuals’ being and existence. The force of the first stream of thought calls for an ethos that could unify humanity by multiplying its wants through worldwide cooperation. The second stream affirms the racism produced by theories explaining the origin of the black race, and the third calls for a civil struggle of black and whitened individuals whose political ideals challenge the presumed universal validity of the first two. Each stream of thought is followed by an afterthought, which questions the epistemological ground for moral and ontological claims of each of the three streams regarding the relationship between black individuals and the world. Du Bois deploys the pedagogical force of the afterthought most effectively in the political strength of the third stream of thought, in the emergence of suspicion. Through suspicion, a different possibility appears for thinking black individuals’ relationship with the world. This suspicion initiates a descriptive and normative analysis by challenging the pedagogical system on which beliefs and ideas about black individuals’ reality and future have been invented. In other words, suspicion dislodges history’s determinism by provoking self-reflection through critique of the Western philosophical tradition.In the words of Du Bois,And last of all there trickles down that third and darker thought—the thought of the things themselves, the confused, half-conscious mutter of men who are black and whitened, crying “Liberty, Freedom, Opportunity—vouchsafe to us, O boastful World, the chance of living men!” To be sure behind the thought lurks afterthought,—suppose, after all, the World is right and we are less than men? Suppose this mad impulse within is all wrong, some mock mirage from the untrue?(Du Bois [1903] 2006, 68; my emphasis)Furthermore, the “afterthought” and its immanent force of suspicion explore other subjective dimensions—the desires, struggles and dreams of the black race—which reveals alternative modes of being in the world.2 The political shift initiated by the afterthought’s critique is capable of opening up new historical categories and reconstructing the arena in which subjectivity occupies a new theoretical framework. The afterthought identifies and supersedes... (shrink)

Contiene tres trabajos sobre Arturo Ardao: sobre la noción de sujeto (Yamandú Acosta); sobre la interpretación de Andrés Bello (Arturo A. Roig); y sobre su libro Filosofía de lengua española (ver HLAS 36:5047). Mencionamos algunas de las otras contribuciones: el tema de la historia de la filosofía latinoamericana (Horacio Cerutti Guldberg); el batllismo (Manuel A. Claps); el tema de Calibán (Roberto Fernández Retamar); el pensamiento de Pedro Figari (Juan Fló); la universidad latinoamericana en el siglo XVIII (Gregorio Weinberg); (...) el pensamiento socialista en el Uruguay (Carlos Zubillaga). Es de lamentar que no se agregara al volumen una bibliografía de Ardao"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58. (shrink)

This essay has two goals. The first is to define the behavioristic study of natural events and to classify behavior. The second is to stress the importance of the concept of purpose.Given any object, relatively abstracted from its surroundings for study, the behavioristic approach consists in the examination of the output of the object and of the relations of this output to the input. By output is meant any change produced in the surroundings by the object. By input, conversely, is (...) meant any event external to the object that modifies this object in any manner. (shrink)

Physical and biological measurements might display range values extending towards infinite. The occurrence of infinity in equations, such as the black hole singularities, is a troublesome issue that causes many theories to break down when assessing extreme events. Different methods, such as re-normalization, have been proposed to avoid detrimental infinity. Here a novel technique is proposed, based on geometrical considerations and the Alexander Horned sphere, that permits to undermine infinity in physical and biophysical equations. In this unconventional approach, a continuous (...) monodimensional line becomes an assembly of countless bidimensional lines that superimpose in quantifiable knots and bifurcations. In other words, we may state that Achilles leaves the straight line and overtakes the turtle. (shrink)

RESUMENAl hilo del significado de «in-finito», el artículo explora la respuesta romántica al Planteamiento trascendental kantiano. Asimismo, se indaga en la profunda diferencia que marca ya desde el inicio el diferente destino idealista (logico-histórico) y romántico (historico‐hermenéutico) del significado de infinito. Con su exigencia de reconocer real y no solo lógicamente la relación finito/infinito, el romanticismo formulará una concepción artística de la filosofía cuyo límite último tendría que coincidir con la poesía.PALABRAS CLAVESINFINITO, ROMANTICISMO TEMPRANO, IDEALISMO TEMPRANO, FILOSOFÍA DEL ARTE, ESTÉTICA, (...) SCHLEGEL, NOVALIS, SCHELLINGABSTRACTIn relation to the meaning of «in‐finite», this paper explores the Romantic answer to the Kantian transcendental approach. It also explores the deep difference that from the very beginning marks the different idealist (logical‐historical) and romantic (historical‐hermeneutic) destiny of the meaning of infinite. With its demand of admitting really and not only logically the connection finite/infinite, Romanticism will formulate an artistic concept of Philosophy whose ultimate limit would have to correspond with Poetry.KEY WORDSINFINITE, EARLY ROMANTICISM, EARLEY IDEALISM, PHILOSOPHY OF ART, ESTHETICS, SCHLEGEL, NOVALIS, SCHELLING. (shrink)

Durante el año 2020, en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 y de Aislamiento Social Preventivo Obligatorio (ASPO), nos propusimos y vivenciamos una experiencia educativa con estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Trabajo Social de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan, en el espacio de la asignatura: “Orientación Optativa Educación”.En el presente artículo, nos proponemos compartir la experiencia en cuestión, en dos sentidos. Por un lado, como actividad pedagógica en sí misma y de gran valor para el Trabajo Social, en tanto su (...) concreción no sólo habilitó el abordaje de los contenidos propios de la asignatura; sino también la práctica de habilidades imprescindibles para la disciplina, como lo son el registro, la escritura, el análisis. Por otro lado, como testimonio de experiencia vital de estudiantes universitarias que les tocó re-aprender a serlo, en tiempos de pandemia. Todo ello, anclado desde los aportes de las narrativas sociales, dado que las mismas configuran un sustento teórico-metodológico apropiado para lograr ambos cometidos de este artículo; a la vez que habilitan una reflexión sobre la práctica docente, en tanto meta-relato de la experiencia realizada. (shrink)

The author first analyzes the concept of dialogue in the initial dialogues of Plato, especially in Crito. Then he focuses on the dialectic as the method and art of rising and falling, union and division. In the dialogue, as a reflective mental process in search of a better truer logic, the oth..

John Dewey es una de las figuras más representativas de la filosofía pragmatista, enfoque este que aplicó sistemáticamente al estudio de la estructura social y cultural. En este artículo el foco de análisis se concentrará en los aspectos principales del enfoque de Dewey al estudio de los aspectos que constituyen la “naturaleza humana” y en cómo ellos interactúan con las características del contexto cultural. Se ilustrará cómo los conceptos elaborados por Dewey pueden contribuir al análisis heterodoxo de una serie de (...) asuntos económicos y sociales. Dewey subraya el papel crucial de las políticas públicas para facilitar el desarrollo de asociaciones voluntarias en todas las áreas de la estructura social. En el análisis de estos aspectos la contribución central de Dewey radica en cambiar los conceptos de democracia y participación del limbo de la abstracción en la que tienden a ser confinados por los enfoques anteriores, y en conectarlos con la evolución de las formas sociales económicas y sociales. (shrink)

Indudablemente, Franz Hinkelammert es uno de los investigadores sociales más importantes de América Latina. Esto se manifiesta no sólo en la difusión de su obra, la publicación de sus libros en Europa y en nuestro continente, sino también en el creciente reconocimiento de sus aportes por importantes investigadores, científicos sociales, teólogos críticos y filósofos latinoamericanos. Es así, por ejemplo, que Enrique Dussel, Leonardo Boeff, Raúl Fornet-Betancourt, Gustavo Gutierrez y otros des..

Frente a la escasa presencia del tema del estado de derecho en el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano en contraste a los de revolución, cambio social, emancipación, justicia social, democracia y derechos humanos, el autor propone la importancia de este tema en tanto la invocación al estado de derecho ha sido el mito cuasi-religioso conservador en América Latina que ha justificado la represión e incluso los golpes de estado. Por ello el artículo recoge la teoría política de Hayek, de quien sólo se (...) había enfatizado el aspecto del cambio de las concepciones económicas, escamoteando su influencia en el ámbito jurídico-político y en el de la teoría democrática. Tras ello recorre la crítica de Hinkelammert al pensamiento neoliberal. (shrink)

El presente artículo se sostiene que la teoría neoliberal pretende ser una interpretación verdadera de la realidad humana y social, pero a su vez contiene una utopía -en el sentido de un proyecto irrealizable, aún cuando todos estuvieran de acuerdo en intentar ponerlo en práctica; todo esto en un contexto intelectual donde tiene significativa presencia la tesis del fin de los metarelatos y de las utopías. Paradójicamente, postula el autor, la teoría neoliberal cumple las funciones de una ideología y una (...) utopía, y hasta intenta responder a las principales preguntas sobre el hombre, la libertad, el sentido de la vida humana, la sociedad y sus instituciones. El artículo recorre su historia y presenta las teorías críticas a este pensamiento, y concluye mostrando el carácter político de la utopía neoliberal. (shrink)

This paper studies two aspects of John Duns Scotus’s Prologue to his Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle. The a priori argument to prove the nobility and dignity of metaphysics and the treatment of the question about the scientific object of metaphysics and its articulation with the other realities treated in this science. The paper also shows how Scotus’s prologue follows an interpretative tradition whose principal interlocutors are Thomas Aquinas and Avicenna.

The contribution describes some aspects related to the representation of special curves; recalling mechanisms created specifically for the design of these curves, which have particular characteristics. Through the construction of a simple apparatus, consisting of two pendulums—which oscillate at the same time- it is possible to graphically reproduce Lissajous’ experiments on the commuting vibrations of the diapasons. This equipment was first built by Samuel Charles Tisley (London 1829-Unknown), under the name of harmonographer. The contribution aslo illustrates the essential characteristics of (...) the harmonograph—born as a means of analysing vibrations—but which, by its principle belongs to mechanics, for its applications to acoustic science and geometry for the ability to draw “harmonious” curves. (shrink)

In a recent essay Professor Taylor criticizes the criteria used by Rosenblueth, Wiener and Bigelow in 1943 to distinguish purposeful from non-purposeful behavior. He also criticizes our definition of behavior, our concept of the vague as opposed to the general, our use of the word correlation, and our statement that a system may reach a final condition. Indeed, there seems to be little, if anything, in our paper to which he does not emphatically object.He maintains that the notions of purpose (...) and teleology are not only useless for the understanding of mechanical behavior, but wholly incongruous when applied to this behavior. He further affirms that our use of the term purpose “bears no similarity whatever to the meaning which is ordinarily attached to it.” He does not state, however, his own notions of purpose and teleology; and the meaning which he considers to be ordinarily attached to the term purpose. This omission weakens his criticism considerably. (shrink)

In this paper we characterize the join irreducible elements of the free algebras on n free generators in the subvarieties of the variety V0 of pseudocomplemented De Morgan algebras satisfying the identity xx′* = ′*.

In this paper we describe the Priestley space of a quasi-Stone algebra and use it to show that the class of finite quasi-Stone algebras has the amalgamation property. We also describe the Priestley space of the free quasi-Stone algebra over a finite set.

The problem that underlies Rawls' The Law of Peoples is the problem of how something particular—western— may become universal and human. Rawls claims that he solves this problem by means of extending particular western rights to other non western peoples. The extension of western liberal rights is done by a second original position similar to the first one in A Theory of Justice. The paper tries to prove that the second original position, in its second step, is not similar to (...) the first one and the parties taking part in this second original position are not symmetrically situated. Rawls' proposal falls into ethnocentrism and eurocentrism. The only way to transform particular rights into universal rights is by means of a universal multicultural dialogue where all peoples can make proposals and listen to other peoples' proposals. (shrink)

Start ing with Die Geburt der Tragödi (The Birth of Trag edy), Nietz sche crit i cizes the sub - ject of mo der nity mer ci lessly. The mod ern sub - ject, heir of the the o ret i cal and So cratic man, is the sub stance and cen ter of an objectified uni - verse. Con verted into thought and pur..

Dentro da Escola Franciscana dos séculos XIII e XIV, debateu-se muito a respeito da matéria e da forma, bem como da relação entre elas. Rogério Marston, não dos mais conhecidos, também envolve-se neste debate, de procedência aristotélico-árabe, a qual acrescentasse a noção cristã de um Deus onipotente, criador da matéria. No presente trabalho mostra-se qual a noção de matéria-prima para Marston, ficando evidente a influência de Aristóteles e a superação de posições anteriores, como as de Boaventura.

In this article, we aim to carry out a comparative analysis of the short stories The Idiots, by Joseph Conrad, and La gallina degollada, by Horacio Quiroga, whereby we introduce the term conjunction; in this case, the conjunction of horror. To this end, we refer to the key actions that are common to the two stories. For reasons of transparency, we avoid the excess of theories regarding intertextual relations, although we allude to one key theoretical concept for this study: the (...) parody, proposed by Bakhtin. Our purpose, however, is to emphasize our own conceptual proposal: that of the conjunction. It is our intention that the readers face themselves with the antecedent story which gives birth to the succeeding story, and reflect on the creative process, on the poetics itself. As the axis of articulation of this article, we highlight the influence of Conrad on Quiroga, and how both writers, in the above-mentioned stories, conceive the theme of horror based on the motif of the brothers who suffer physical and mental degradation, which trigger tragedies for the young couples. (shrink)

El autor sigue a Ana Arendt para examinar el tema de la responsabilidad personal bajo dictadura. Ante el argumento de que no había opciones pues se era una ‘ruedecilla del engranaje’, afirma que el mal menor no deja de ser un mal, y que la verdadera pregunta moral no es ‘por qué obedeciste’ sino ‘por qué ayudaste’.

Para Enrique de Gante, la materia prima, en contra de la opinión de Tomás de Aquino y de Egidio Romano, es algo sustancial con una esencia propia distinta de la forma y con un ser esencial propio que proviene directamente de Dios. De la forma recibe el ser en acto en el compuesto sustancial. De hecho, para Enrique de Gante la materia en toda sustancia compuesta posee un triple ser: el ser simplemente en cuanto criatura, el ser capaz de recibir (...) formas que proviene de su esencia, y el ser en acto proveniente de la forma. Por medio de una intervención milagrosa de Dios, que diera al ser esencial una subsistencia suficiente, la materia prima podría existir sin forma alguna. La materia, aun siendo simple, encierra en su esencia una doble razón: la razón de sustancia y la razón de relación . La materia en sí misma no encierra ninguna fuerza activa o razón seminal capaz de trasmutarse en formas; las razones seminales, como fuerza activa, se encuentran encerradas en la forma del agente que prepara la materia previa informada e introduce en ella una nueva forma sustancial. (shrink)